The device that could protect millions of lives come summer

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters improve air quality by up to 30–74 per cent during bushfire events, according to a new study from CSIRO

A royal commission into Black Summer heard smoke associated with the fires was linked to the additional deaths of 450 people.

But new research from Australia's national science agency, published today in Public Health Research & Practice HEPA filters could help protect the 2.7 million Australians affected by asthma during extreme smoke events.

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Lead author and CSIRO scientist Dr Amanda Wheeler said using the filters inside homes could help provide protection against sources of "any smoke emission".

"Staying inside and closing windows and doors during extreme smoke events is important, but ultimately what provides protection against smoke pollution indoors are air purifiers fitted with HEPA filters," Wheeler said.

"Using more than one, if possible, inside houses is likely to lead to improved health outcomes.

"While the research was focussed on prescribed burns, the findings are relevant for protection during bushfire events more generally.

"They demonstrate that any smoke emissions, including from neighbouring houses' wood heaters can be managed better."

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The study came to its conclusion by monitoring indoor and outdoor concentrations of fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, during prescribed burning periods.

Until now there has been limited evidence air purifiers fitted with HEPA filters reduce exposure or health risks associated with PM2.5.

Wheeler said bushfires are the greatest threat to air quality in the country, and added that climate change is only increasing the complexity of bushfire mitigation.

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"Prescribed burns are an important part of fire management, but outdoor smoke can easily infiltrate homes and buildings, so it's critical that we find ways to protect populations from serious health impacts," she said.

Her comments mirror that of Former NSW Fire and Rescue Commissioner Greg Mullin, who told 9news.com.au bushfire seasons in Australia have extended because of climate change - and can now occur simultaneously across states.

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