In pictures: World cities with the biggest rise in temperatures
The effects of climate change on the planet have been known for decades, but which countries have seen the most significant short-term jump in temperature?
UK based business energy comparison service Utility Builder has gathered international data from to identify cities from the OECD which recorded the biggest temperature changes from August 2019 to August 2023.
Click through for the top 10.
10. Madrid
It was little surprise the Spanish capital made the list after 2022 was the hottest year for the country since it started keeping records in 1961.
Madrid's average temperature in 2023 was 26.5 degrees in 2023, compared with 26.3 degrees four years previously.
9. London
Despite its chilly reputation, London recorded a four-year average average temperature rise of 1.29 per cent to 17 degrees.
The summer of 2022 was a blisteringly hot one for the British capital, even forcing one of its airports to temporarily close.
8. Tokyo
Tokyo's average temperature rose from 28.7 degrees in 2019 to 29.4 degrees four years later.
Recent summer heatwaves triggered health warnings for the Japanese city's 14 million residents.
7. Athens
Even by the standards of sunny Greece, recent summers have been extreme, triggering wildfires across the country.
Its capital Athens was among the places to feel the heat most. The city's average temperature in 2023 was 29 degrees, marking a rise of 3.8 per cent over four years.
6. Canberra
Australia's capital city Canberra is known for being cold, but it still recorded an average temperature rise of 6.9 per cent, from 6.3 degrees to 6.7, over the four years.
In January 2020 it recorded a heat record of 44 degrees.
5. Reykjavik
Scientists say climate change is having a big impact on Iceland, with many of its glaciers receding.
The average temperature for the tiny nation's capital Reykjavik jumped by 9.4 per cent to 11.9 degrees in 2023.
4. Seoul
Among those impacted by the heatwave in South Korea during 2023 were thousands of young people attending the World Scout Jamboree in the capital Seoul.
The city recorded a 10 per cent hike in its average temperature, taking it to 29.9 degrees.
3. Helsinki
Coming in the top three list of the cities with the most significant change in temperature between 2019 and 2023 is Finland's capital, Helsinki.
From an average temperature of 16.4 degrees in 2019, the heat in Helsinki has increased by 14.93 per cent, to an average temperature of 18.8 degrees.
2. Tallinn
Introducing free public transport in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, made travel cheaper for residents, but, it aso contributed to this city's high level of carbon emissions.
It was a big reason for the city recording a 15.8 per cent increase in its average temperature, to 19.3 degrees in 2023.
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