All Russian Paralympians banned from Rio

Russia's "corrupt" anti-doping scheme has led to all 267 of its para athletes being kicked out of the Rio Paralympics.

The International Paralympic Committee issued a blanket ban on Sunday on all Russian para athletes after it found dozens of urine tests were replaced or tampered with.

"The anti-doping system in Russia is broken, corrupted and entirely compromised," IPC president Sir Philip Craven told reporters in Rio on Sunday.

"This situation is not about athletes cheating the system, but about a state-run system that is cheating the athletes."

Russia immediately announced it would appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, state news agency TASS reported, quoting Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko.

Canadian law professor Richard McLaren's report into Russian state-sponsored doping sparked an IPC investigation, which confirmed the urine samples of Russian para athletes had been tampered with.

The IPC is now re-analysing all samples from the Sochi 2014 Games.

Sir Philip dodged questions about whether the International Olympic Committee should have been stronger on Russia, after it allowed more than 270 Russian athletes to compete in the Rio Olympics.

The IOC did ban more than 100 Russian athletes from Rio, but the committee has faced questions over how it has allowed so many to remain in competition.

"I understand where you're coming from, I'm not stupid, but I think I have to stick with what I've said," Sir Philip said in response to journalists' questions.

"You'll have to speak to the IOC, why they took that decision."

Todd Nicholson, the IPC athlete council chair, said all para athletes wanted to know they were competing on a fair and level playing field.

"The facts we have actually horrify me," Mr Nicholson said.