Key findings of reef outlook report

KEY FINDINGS OF REEF OUTLOOK REPORT

Past decade:

* In 2009, the reef was considered to be at a "crossroads" between a positive, well-managed future and a less certain one.

* In 2014, it was seen as an "icon under pressure", with continued efforts needed to address key threats.

* In 2019, it is a "changed and less resilient" reef.

Scientific evidence:

* Initiatives that will halt and reverse the effects of climate change at a global level and effectively improve water quality at a regional scale are "urgent".

* Reef management needs innovative approaches that are targeted, science-based and risk-managed.

* Climate change is escalating and is the most significant threat to the long-term outlook.

* Coral reefs that have escaped impacts of bleaching, cyclones and crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks remain in good condition. But many species and species groups are in poor to very poor condition.

* Humpback whales have demonstrated strong recovery, while the southern population of green turtles continues to recover slowly.

* In terms of the reef's 31 ecosystem components, 60 per cent remain in good to very good condition, but the remainder are in poor to very poor condition.

Overall outlook:

* Without additional local, national and global action on the greatest threats, the overall outlook for the Great Barrier Reef's ecosystem will remain very poor.

* Strong and effective management actions are urgent at global, regional and local scales.

(Source: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority)