Altitude sickness overview

ALTITUDE SICKNESS - HOW IT HAPPENS

WHAT IS IT?

* Potentially life-threatening condition when you can't get enough oxygen from the air at high altitudes

* Air is `thinner' at higher altitudes

* Can lead to pulmonary edema, when your lungs fill with fluid making it even more difficult to breathe, and cerebral edema or swelling of the brain

WHO'S AT RISK

* Not predictable, can affect anybody - you can be young and fit and still be at risk

* But risk may increase as you get older, if you are on other medications or have a past history of altitude sickness

* The more extreme the environment, the more likely the risk

EARLY SYMPTOMS

* Can be very difficult to pick

* Can include fatigue, shortness of breath and poor co-ordination but they can happen anyway when involved in vigorous exercise at high altitudes

TREATMENT

* If symptoms recognised early, essential to provide increased levels of oxygen - which can be done via a mask

* Usually need to descend, taking the patient down where the oxygen levels are better

* Some medications can reduce swelling in the lungs and brains in early cases

REDUCING THE RISK?

* If contemplating going to high altitudes, see a doctor experienced in expedition or extreme environmental medicine

* Get expert advice about preparation, supplies and contingency plans

* Acclimatisation - spend time beforehand at gradually increasing altitudes

* Still not a guarantee you won't get the symptoms

(Source: Dr Steve Parnis, emergency specialist, AMA vice-president)